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Smaller, Faster: Understanding Processor Fabrication Technology

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Smaller, Faster: Understanding Processor Fabrication Technology
12 November 2024

Processor fabrication technology has undergone remarkable transformations over the years, enabling devices to be smaller, faster, and more powerful. This evolution is a direct result of advancements in the fabrication process, which refers to the method of creating the circuits and transistors that make up a processor. Smaller fabrication processes, measured in nanometers (nm), mean that transistors can be placed closer together, increasing efficiency and enabling processors to perform more operations per second.

 

What Does “Nanometer” Mean in Processor Technology?

 

The term "nanometer" represents the size of each transistor or the length of the transistor gate within a processor. This measurement affects how closely transistors can be packed on a chip. Modern processors, like those in leading smartphones and computers, are now built on processes as small as 3nm or 5nm. Smaller nanometer values signify newer, more advanced technology, where each reduction in size leads to exponential increases in performance and energy efficiency.

 

Benefits of Smaller Fabrication Sizes

 

 

 

 

 

Real-World Applications of Smaller Processors

 

Today, smaller fabrication processes are found in many devices:

 

 

 

 

Future Trends in Processor Fabrication Technology

 

The processor industry continues to push boundaries, with companies like Intel, TSMC, and Samsung investing in research to reach 2nm or even smaller processes. Beyond nanometers, researchers are exploring quantum computing and neuromorphic processors as potential future technologies to sustain the pace of innovation once silicon reaches its limits.

Irsan Buniardi